Role of women in math science and engineering field Essay

Role of women in math science and engineering field - Essay Example Most of the medieval French women scientists living in the ‘Witch Craze’ timeline, such as Martine de Martine de Berterau du Chatalet (famously as Baroness de Beausoleil), did not have formal education. They grew up in social environments conducive for intellectual development or lived in families of scientists. However, the case of Martine de Berterau du Chatalet is not clear, but records indicate that she was married to Jean de Chastelet, Baron de Beausoleil et dAuffenbach and a renowned expert in mining and mineralogy in Europe during the seventeenth century. There are limited sources of information and facts concerning French women scientists, especially during the Witch Craze. This is partly due to the obsession of secrecy by female scientists fearing to be branded as witches. In the mediaeval society, the fear of witchcraft led to the death of a significant number of women, majority of whom constituted the wise women of the French community in the fields of midwifery, alchemists, and herbalists (Rayner-Canham 23). This is what befell Baroness de Beausoleil. Baroness de Beausoleil sought to practice modern science in the seventeenth century. She used a variety of metal rods and hazel branches to locate water and rich mineral deposits. Together with her husband, they travelled through Hungarian, Germany, Polish, Central Europe, Scotia, Sweden, and Papal States, exploring and discovering deposits and mines, as well as studying the basement resources and the prospecting and mining operations in Bolivia. Her tools, practices, and methods incorporated alchemy, astrology, and dowsing. In the book â€Å"Woman in Science†, Mozans reflects Baroness de Beausoleil as lacking patience with those who believed that the hidden treasures of the earth could not be found without the aid of demons or witchcraft magic. More significantly, the book highlights her ridicule to those who believing in

The Normal Distribution and Probability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Normal Distribution and Probability - Essay Example Given that the median helps to do away with influences associated with too much of one or two scores on the extremes of any given distribution, it thus emerges as the measure of choice in variability. Assignment 2 Sales 500 salespeople of a company are mostly normally distributed forming a bell symmetrical shape. Whereby sales from those who record high sales appear on the right side while those with low sales coming on the left side and with a majority of sales appearing on the middle part of the distribution, translating to an average of sales on either side of the curve accounting for the mean sales. This would make it resourceful to come up with a working model to be used to work out a budget as well as predicting performance of the company. A company would predict the effect-increase in sales revenue- of increasing the number stores and salespeople. This distribution also helps to not only identify those sales people who need extra training but also it helps to identify those wh o need to be replaced. It is worth to consider the size of the sample in question, with a large sample like that of the 500 sales people proving to be more representative compared to a sample of about 100 people. It is therefore relevant statistically to estimate that adding one more sales person is worth for instance $25,000 increase in revenue. Clearly from the study sales people and their respective sales are the main variables which are measured in ratio scale since there are those sales people who have nil sales. On using a continuous scale, sales are normally distributed with most of sales in middle range and the entire sales data being within the range 40% of the average sale. A probability value of 0.05 implies 5% of the sales people will sell an amount different from expected sales value and while the remaining 95 % are expected to sell at an amount within the expected amount. This concept is therefore used to represent monthly countable sales. Assignment 3 Organizations re sort to using means such as incentives and bonuses so as to increase the productivity of their employees. In order prove that financial incentives have always boosted the productivity of employees, I will evaluate the hypothesis that a $ 1,000 incentive offered to employees is sufficient to make them finish a project before the expected time. In this study size of incentive and level of productivity are the independent and dependent variables respectively. Assuming the population sample n=30 would be chosen randomly from the employees allocated to new projects. Hypothesis testing is an analysis of a given research, with a null hypothesis indicating a zero change as a result of the $ 1000 incentive represented by  µ. On the other hand a change as a result of the $ 1000 incentive indicates the alternative hypothesis. In order to determine critical boundaries and identify chances of Type 1error, it's important to select an alpha level. Selecting a .01 alpha level provides a low risk error and avoids overstretching the critical area since this level enhances a balance between the functions which offers a base to reject or accept the proposed effect of the incentive. A one-tailed test is utilized when hypothesis about a particular directional rather than general. Results obtained from one -tailed test are of significance

Week3 Ethical Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week3 Ethical Decision Making - Essay Example They are victims of office gossip because they were being talked about behind their backs by their other co-workers. Their reputations have already been tarnished because of the gossip being spread by Sharkey. Sharkey does not gain anything in spreading the gossip because even if he has evidence to prove it, he should have gone to the HR and discussed the issue instead of talking to his co-workers about it. The HR will be in a better position to investigate the matter. HR should handle the problem because they can directly confront both Cypher and Sharpe without being subjective. They will be more objective in handling the case unlike Sharkey who has an ax to grind against Sharpe because she got the promotion he wants. Applying the second question of Professor Badaracco, one sees that the rights of Cypher and Sharpe have been violated. Sharkey’s right to question the promotion is something which he can exercise but he must go through the proper channels. The proper channel is to go to the HR department and raise his concern to them. He can also go to his immediate supervisor to ask the reasons why Sharpe was promoted instead of him. Assuming that Cypher and Sharpe has no relationship as construed by Sharkey and the HR is faced with a decision of whether to fire Sharkey as proposed by Sam, the HR should weigh the consequences of its decision. As Professor Badaracco suggested, it should be guided by the question of â€Å"what will work in the world as it is?† (2002). The HR should resolve the issue by taking into account its decision’s effect on the organization as a whole and how its decision will impact on all the concerned individuals. If the other office workers will find out that the promotion of Sharpe is due to her relationship with Cypher, then the morale of the other office workers will be affected. They will think negatively of management because of the questionable criteria for

United Nations, focused on international law Essay

United Nations, focused on international law - Essay Example At the end of World War II, fifty-one countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security established the UN on 24th October 1945. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN and its membership totals 191 countries.Each member country has to obligate to all the requirements of the UN charter. This charter is an international treaty designed to protect future generations from the scourge and curse of war and written to affirm fundamental human rights. The purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, are to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these ends.The United Nations comprises of six main bodies. Five of them - the General Assemb ly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat - are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.The General Assembly makes decisions on the key issues and world's most pressing problems, and is represented by each member nation with the account of one vote each. The Security Council carries out decisions pertaining to international peace and security. ... There are certain other UN offices and programmes that work to improvise the living conditions of the world and the people on the whole. Two such important offices to mention are United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). The UNESCO was founded in November 1945 with the aim to build peace in the world through knowledge, social progress, exchange and mutual understanding among peoples. The UNICEF was created in December 1946 by the United Nations to provide food, clothing and health care to European children facing famine and disease in the aftermath of the Second World War. Their mandate is to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. The UN provides the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting all of us. In this process, all the Member States have a right to be heard and to cast a vote, irrespective of their size, wealth and economic positions, political views and social systems. UN and International Law As per its prime objective of maintaining peace and security throughout the world, and managing and resolving any conflicts arising out of international disputes, United Nations has undertaken the progressive codification and development of international law by forming a comprehensive body of international law. The over 500 conventions, treaties and standards resulting from this work have provided a framework for promoting international peace and security and economic and social development. They legally bind states that

Furniture industry analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Furniture industry analysis - Essay Example Therefore, our business will aim at closing the gap by providing them with well refurbished furniture at a lower cost. With the increasing level of globalization that is being pushed by the liberalization of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of competition, any industry is at a higher threat of new entrants (Hooley, Piercy, and Nicoulaud 65). This aspect has opened up the market for the multinational companies which have a huge financial base to segment the market, position their products strategically in the market, and attract customer loyalty towards their products. With the increasing number of people who are attaining a middle income status, the demand for furniture is likely to increase tremendously (Pfeffer 76). However, there are only few suppliers in the market. Therefore, these people are likely to look for second products that are well refurbished. This will attract the interests of new investors who will be eyes a share in the market. With the increasing demand for the furniture, more companies will try to outsource their operations to countries with cheap labor and easily accessible raw materials to make high quality furniture (Lawrence and Weber 19). These products will be cheap despite being first hand. This is likely to threaten the competitive advantage of this business because customers are likely to shift towards these products. With the increasing numbers of competitors in the furniture business, the customers will have a stronger say in the market (Keller 87). This is because every firm will be trying to win the customers’ loyalty. Therefore, the customers are likely to dictate the prices of the commodities in the market. Furthermore, the entry of cheaper products once the companies start to outsource their operations to different parts of the world will increase the bargaining power of the customers. This will make it hard for the firm to dominate the

Study of The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 02165 Essay

Study of The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 02165 - Essay Example The only condition followed in this case is the investor has to behave in conformity maintaining prescription of portfolio theory. Early practitioners are of opinion that beta is the only explanatory factor, which has the ability to explain cross-sectional variation in the asset prices. Therefore, the CAPM model has successfully examined the predictions, which are made for measuring the risk-return relationship of asset prices (Black, Jensen and Scholes, 1972). Though the model was initially developed by Harry Markowitz, it was later modified by Lintner and Sharpe. The model actually explained that if a particular investor selects a portfolio for a period of time then he/she is said to be risk averse (Black, Jensen and Scholes, 1972). However, the modified version of the model is developed based on the following assumptions: CAPM has gained prominence in corporate finance, but there are many criticisms regarding its validity in the security market. The risk-return relationship is questioned, whether it has the ability to help the investor for making a good investment decision. Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) had identified the linear relation that exists between return, risk and beta of a stock. Beta is defined as a variable, which aims at explaining cross sectional returns of the stocks. The equation aims at explaining the risk-return relationship of the stocks to a great extent. The beta value is dependent on type of assets (Roll, 1977). It also helps in gauging the volatility of the stock with respect to market risk. The following interpretations can be made from the different value of beta (Solnik, 1974; Lahrech and Sylwester, 2011; Levy and Sarnat, 1970). The above explanations indicates towards the fact that beta can easily establish the risk-return relationship of stocks. Therefore, it can be depicted that the CAPM is a perfect model for evaluating the debt and equity status of a company by examining its risk-rerun relationship of the

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay Example for Free

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Essay The two short stories I am going to be comparing are The Secret Life of Walter Mitty and Young Goodman Brown. At first, these two stories might seem very different but they many similar themes. Both stories have the main character hallucinating about different situations. In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Walter Mitty wishes to hallucinate to escape reality and be part of an unreal world. In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown, the main character was forced into seeing something not though of as being real by a stranger he met in the middle of the woods. Another similarity between both stories was that the main characters in both the stories had spouses who affected them throughout their lives. The most important reason that I will be comparing both these stories is because they both follow a general plot, leaving the main character very unhappy at the end. In Young Goodman Brown, Goodman Brown leaves his wife and heads for the village. There, he meets a devil figure and they both continue the journey. Goodman Brown does get a feeling of turning around and heading back home, but keeps going after seeing some of his townspeople in the woods. After getting to a secluded spot, he sees that most of the townspeople are also going to a meeting to crossover to the evil side. Goodman then sees his wife among the crowd and screams her name out and tries to tell her to look towards heaven and resist the evil. As he screams that statement to his wife, Faith, everything around him goes away and hes in the forest all by himself. He wonders if what happened was a dream or a reality. He thinks that what he saw was not a dream and lives his life from that point onwards thinking it was real. Walter Mitty hallucinates in a different way in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty. Having a dominating wife who never lets him as he pleases, he escapes his existing life daydreaming about adventures. If daydreaming were an illness, his would be diagnosed as life threatening. It was so serious that if he were to pass a hospital, he would start imagining being a very famous surgeon practicing an extremely complicated procedure. His unrealistic experiences ranged from being a commanding officer on a ship in bad weather, to a famous trial lawyer, as well as a courageous member in the armed forces. In the time range of dropping his wife to the hairdresser to meeting up with her when she was done, he had gone through four different illusions. The hallucinations between both the characters are very different. Walter Mitty knows that what he experiences are daydreams and never real, but he is not bothered because he is very content with escaping his current life. He also has short dreams which most of the time never make it to a conclusion. On the other hand, Goodman Brown didnt even know if what he had experienced in the forest was real or a bad dream. However, being so confused, he took it as not being a dream and went on with his life. Logically speaking, it was most likely a dream, and the length of his dream was a lot longer that Walters. He also didnt enjoy the pleasure of that kind of a dream, because he felt very uncomfortable when he realized that he was in the forest by himself after what he had witnessed. He also was not able to finish his hallucination completely, leaving it up to question if Faith, his wife ever did cross and join the evil.